Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and potentially life-threatening condition characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial pressures, right-ventricular strain and vascular remodeling. Early identification and precise classification play key roles in improving outcomes, prompting clinicians to pursue advanced insights through expertly curated cardiology conference sessions that cover diagnostic algorithms, risk stratification, treatment pathways and multidisciplinary care models. PAH management requires a nuanced understanding of pulmonary vascular physiology, right-ventricular adaptation and clinical trajectories. As this condition aligns with pulmonary vascular disease, comprehensive knowledge supports timely intervention and long-term survival.

The description begins with an overview of PAH classification, including idiopathic, heritable, drug-induced and connective-tissue-disease–associated forms. Participants learn how to identify clinical symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, syncope, palpitations, chest discomfort and signs of right-heart failure. Structured evaluation includes echocardiography, NT-proBNP measurement, pulmonary function tests, V/Q scanning and advanced imaging such as CT and MRI. Right-heart catheterisation remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool, providing precise hemodynamic measurements that determine classification and therapeutic pathways.

PAH pathophysiology is driven by endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, smooth-muscle proliferation and thrombosis. The session explains how these mechanisms contribute to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, impaired right-ventricular output and progressive symptoms. Clinicians explore how early detection and proper classification help optimise therapy selection.

Treatment strategies focus on vasodilator therapy, endothelin-receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and prostacyclin-based regimens. Combination therapy improves functional status, exercise capacity and long-term prognosis. Participants also learn how to evaluate response using six-minute walk tests, symptom tracking, biomarker monitoring and serial imaging.

Advanced interventions—such as atrial septostomy, balloon pulmonary angioplasty and lung transplantation—are explored for patients with refractory disease. The session emphasizes early referral to specialised PAH centres for advanced care planning.

Because PAH frequently overlaps with autoimmune disease, congenital heart disease and chronic lung conditions, multidisciplinary management is essential. Clinicians explore coordinated care approaches among cardiology, pulmonology, rheumatology and transplant teams.

Future directions include gene-targeted therapies, regenerative vascular strategies, novel prostacyclin analogues, digital monitoring tools and AI-based prediction models. Participants gain a comprehensive understanding of modern PAH care and long-term disease monitoring.