Vascular Biology explores the cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms that govern blood vessel function, vascular remodeling and endothelial health. As vascular dysfunction underlies atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, aneurysms and microvascular disease, clinicians and scientists regularly seek updates on Vascular Biology when attending research-focused tracks at a cardiology conference. This session provides an integrated understanding of cardiovascular vascular-science mechanisms essential for improving diagnostics, therapeutics and preventive strategies.

The session begins with core principles of endothelial biology, including nitric-oxide signaling, vascular tone regulation, permeability control and inflammation modulators. Participants examine how oxidative stress, immune activation, lipid dysregulation and mechanical shear stress alter vascular homeostasis, promoting plaque formation and vascular injury. The programme also introduces molecular pathways such as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, smooth-muscle-cell phenotypic switching and matrix remodeling.

Microvascular biology is reviewed through its role in coronary microvascular dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), diabetic vascular disease and systemic inflammatory conditions. Attendees explore how impaired vasodilation, capillary rarefaction and autonomic imbalance influence myocardial perfusion and symptom burden.

Advanced vascular research tools are discussed, including flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing, molecular imaging, genomic profiling and computational modeling. These technologies offer insight into cell–cell communication, plaque vulnerability and vascular-repair mechanisms.

Therapeutic implications include anti-inflammatory strategies, endothelial-protective agents, lipid-lowering pathways, antithrombotic therapies and regenerative approaches. The session explains how vascular insights influence hypertension control, atherosclerosis management and microvascular disease treatment.

Future directions include gene-modulation therapies, nanomedicine delivery systems, tissue-engineered vessels, biomaterial-based grafts and AI-powered vascular modeling. By mastering vascular-science fundamentals and emerging discoveries, clinicians and researchers gain tools to translate biological knowledge into effective cardiovascular care.