Congestive Heart Failure is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from impaired ventricular filling or ejection, leading to congestion, reduced cardiac output, and progressive functional decline. This session provides an in-depth overview of diagnosis, pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies, and longitudinal management of both HFrEF and HFpEF. As clinicians increasingly search for a comprehensive cardiology conference, this session brings together core mechanisms, imaging interpretations, and guideline-directed therapy insights to enhance patient outcomes.

The description reviews the neurohormonal pathways—RAAS, sympathetic activation, natriuretic peptides—and defines how these contribute to fluid retention, remodeling, and progressive decompensation. Participants will learn to distinguish phenotypes, including acute decompensated HF, right-sided failure, high-output failure, and HF associated with preserved ejection fraction. The session also explains diagnostic tools: physical examination, biomarker use such as NT-proBNP, echocardiography, CMR, invasive hemodynamic evaluation, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

A major focus is implementing advanced heart failure management strategies, including guideline-directed medical therapy with ARNI, SGLT2 inhibitors, beta-blockers, MRAs, diuretics, and vasodilators. Participants will examine therapy sequencing, titration, monitoring, and optimizing adherence. The session describes management of acute decompensation, fluid strategies, use of IV diuretics, inotropes, and transition planning.

Participants will learn when to consider advanced therapies such as ICDs, CRT, LVAD implantation, transplant referral, and palliative care integration. Complex cases involving cardiorenal syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, frailty, electrolyte abnormalities, and multimorbidity are discussed to provide practical, actionable frameworks.

The session concludes with future directions: remote monitoring devices, hemodynamic sensors, AI-supported risk prediction, novel drug classes, and community-based HF management models. By the end, attendees will be equipped to deliver comprehensive, guideline-aligned care for all HF phenotypes.