Vascular Surgery plays an essential role in treating complex arterial and venous disorders, ranging from peripheral artery disease and aneurysms to carotid stenosis, deep-vein pathology and limb-threatening ischemia. As cardiovascular care increasingly integrates endovascular and hybrid approaches, clinicians and surgeons seek updated insights on Vascular Surgery when attending interventional and vascular-medicine tracks at a cardiology conference. With advancements in imaging, device technology and minimally invasive procedures, this session provides an in-depth exploration of advanced vascular-intervention techniques critical for modern practice.

The session begins by reviewing foundational principles of vascular pathology, including endothelial injury, atherosclerosis progression, plaque instability, thrombosis, aneurysm formation and microvascular dysfunction. Participants examine how comorbidities—such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking and lipid disorders—accelerate peripheral vascular disease and influence treatment pathways. The impact of limb ischemia, claudication, non-healing ulcers and rest pain is highlighted to emphasise the urgency of timely intervention.

Diagnostic evaluation includes duplex ultrasonography, CT angiography, MR angiography and catheter-based angiography. Attendees learn structured interpretation of flow patterns, plaque characteristics, stenosis severity and vessel anatomy that guide procedural planning. Special attention is given to identifying occlusive disease, aneurysmal degeneration, venous insufficiency and vascular trauma.

Management principles focus on open surgical repair, endovascular therapies and hybrid solutions. Detailed discussions include bypass grafting, endarterectomy, aneurysm repair, angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, thrombolysis and embolisation strategies. Participants review indications for carotid interventions, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and lower-extremity revascularisation. The session also explores perioperative optimisation, anaesthetic considerations and post-procedural surveillance.

Complication management covers bleeding, graft failure, restenosis, endoleaks, wound complications and risk-reduction strategies. Attendees learn how to mitigate procedural risks and ensure long-term vessel patency. Interdisciplinary collaboration with cardiologists, radiologists and wound-care teams is emphasised as essential for comprehensive vascular care.

Future developments include drug-coated devices, robotic-assisted vascular procedures, next-generation graft materials, AI-enhanced imaging analysis and personalised risk prediction. By integrating surgical expertise with evolving endovascular technologies, clinicians gain a refined understanding of modern vascular-disease management.